Compare Marshall Islands (2007) - Bermuda (2002)

Compare Marshall Islands (2007) z Bermuda (2002)

	Marshall Islands (2007)	Bermuda (2002)

Administrative divisions	33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.3% (male 12,061/female 11,622) 15-64 years: 58.9% (male 18,634/female 17,775) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 832/female 891) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports	15 (2007)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 11,854.3 sq km land: 181.3 sq km water: 11,673 sq km (note - lagoon waters) note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about the size of Washington, DC	about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background	After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network.	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate	32.37 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $42 million expenditures: $40 million (1999)	revenues: $609.5 million expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)
Capital	name: Majuro geographic coordinates: 7 06 N, 171 23 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Hamilton
Climate	tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline	370.4 km	103 km
Constitution	1 May 1979	8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands conventional short form: Marshall Islands local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands local short form: Marshall Islands abbreviation: RMI former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Currency	-	Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate	4.66 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)	$145 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Clyde BISHOP embassy: Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379 telephone: [692] 247-4011 FAX: [692] 247-4012	chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr. consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-5414 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3236 consulate(s) general: Honolulu	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	claims US territory of Wake Island	none
Economic aid - recipient	$56.56 million more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002 (2005)	$NA
Economy - overview	US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a Trust Fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption	-	553.35 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	595 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Micronesian	black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of the legislature elections: president elected by Parliament from among its members for a four-year term; election last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held in November 2007) election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports	$9.1 million f.o.b. (2000)	$51 million (2000)
Exports - commodities	copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish	reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners	US, Japan, Australia, China (2006)	EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 31.7% industry: 14.9% services: 53.4% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2005 est.)	2.9% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	9 00 N, 168 00 E	32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note	Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is used as a US missile test range; island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways	-	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)	$719 million (2000)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners	US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2006)	EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)
Independence	21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from seashells, wood, and pearls	tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate	total: 27.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 30.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3% (2005 est.)	3% (July 2001)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO	Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	20 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force	14,680 (2000)	37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 21.4% industry: 20.9% services: 57.7% (2000)	clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 11.11% permanent crops: 44.44% other: 44.45% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages	Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census) note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language	English (official), Portuguese
Legal system	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral legislature or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held by November 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 33 note: the Council of Chiefs or Ironij is a 12-member body comprised of tribal chiefs that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.61 years male: 68.61 years female: 72.71 years (2007 est.)	total population: 77.3 years male: 75.21 years female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 93.6% female: 93.7% (1999)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location	Oceania, two archipelagic island chains of 29 atolls, each made up of many small islets, and five single islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references	Oceania	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 902 ships (1000 GRT or over) 33,260,440 GRT/55,644,008 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 215, cargo 61, carrier 1, chemical tanker 165, combination ore/oil 6, container 171, liquefied gas 28, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 228, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 10, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 857 (Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 5, Canada 4, Chile 4, China 3, Croatia 4, Cyprus 39, Denmark 9, Finland 2, Germany 214, Greece 226, Hong Kong 4, Italy 3, Japan 5, South Korea 3, Latvia 10, Malaysia 3, Monaco 7, Netherlands 5, Norway 62, Romania 1, Russia 4, Saudi Arabia 4, Singapore 12, Slovenia 3, Spain 3, Sweden 1, Switzerland 14, Turkey 41, UAE 14, UK 17, US 129) (2007)	total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular military forces; under the 1983 Compact of Free Association, the US has full authority and responsibility for security and defense of the Marshall Islands; Marshall Islands Police (2006)	no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$4,027,970 (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)	Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality	noun: Marshallese (singular and plural) adjective: Marshallese	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards	infrequent typhoons	hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources	coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate	-5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]	National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population	61,815 (July 2007 est.)	63,960 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.207% (2007 est.)	0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein) (2005)	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	82,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)	non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.038 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.048 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.934 male(s)/female total population: 1.041 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) and mini-satellite telephones international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)	general assessment: NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,500 (2004)	52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	600 (2004)	7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	2 (both are US military stations; Marshalls Broadcasting Service, a cable company, operates on Majuro) (2005)	3 (1997)
Terrain	low coral limestone and sand islands	low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate	3.76 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	30.9% (2000 est.)	4.5% (1993)
Waterways	-	none

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